MANUFACTURING AND CONSTRUCTION Lesson Note
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
This SS3 Economics lesson note covers MANUFACTURING AND CONSTRUCTION for First Term, Week 4.
Lesson Note
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
At the end of the lesson, students should be able to:
1. Define manufacturing and construction.
2. Identify and explain the types of manufacturing.
3. Explain the contribution of manufacturing and construction to Nigeria's GDP.
4. Discuss the roles of manufacturing and construction in economic development.
5. Identify some manufacturing and construction activities in Nigeria.
A. MEANING OF MANUFACTURING
Manufacturing is the process of converting raw materials or semi-finished goods into finished goods through the use of labour, machinery, technology and other resources.
Manufacturing may involve transforming agricultural, mineral or imported raw materials into products that are useful to consumers or other industries.
Examples of Manufacturing Activities in Nigeria
1 Production of cement
2 Food and beverage production
3 Textile and garment production
4 Pharmaceutical production
5 Iron and steel production
B. MEANING OF CONSTRUCTION
Construction refers to the process of building, repairing and maintaining physical structures and infrastructure such as houses, roads, bridges, schools, hospitals, factories and drainage systems.
Examples of Construction Activities includes
1 Building of houses
2 Construction of roads and highways
3 Construction of bridges
4 Construction of schools and hospitals
C. TYPES OF MANUFACTURING
Manufacturing can be classified according to the nature of production.
1. Agro-based Manufacturing:
This involves the processing of agricultural products into finished or semi-finished goods.
Examples: Processing cocoa into cocoa products
2. Mineral-based Manufacturing
This involves using minerals and mineral resources as raw materials.
Examples: Cement production
3. Consumer Goods Manufacturing
This involves the production of goods directly used by consumers.
Examples: Soap, Beverages
4. Capital Goods Manufacturing
This involves producing machinery, equipment and other goods used in the production of other goods and services.
Examples: Industrial machinery, Agricultural equipment
5. Intermediate Goods Manufacturing
This involves producing goods that are used as inputs in the production of other goods.
Examples: Packaging materials
D. Contribution of Manufacturing and Construction to Nigerian GDP
Gross Domestic Product (GDP) is the monetary value of the final goods and services produced within a country during a given period, usually one year.
Manufacturing and construction contribute to Nigeria's GDP in several ways:
1. Value addition: Manufacturing adds value to raw materials by converting them into finished products.
2. Production of goods: Manufacturing increases the quantity and variety of goods produced within Nigeria.
3. Construction output: Construction activities such as building roads, houses and factories form part of economic production.
4. Employment generation: Both sectors provide jobs for skilled, semi-skilled and unskilled workers.
5. Income generation: Workers and business owners earn income from activities in these sectors.
E. Roles of Manufacturing in Economic Development
Manufacturing plays the following roles in economic development:
1. Employment Generation
Manufacturing industries provide employment opportunities for many people.
2. Provision of Goods
It provides goods needed by households, businesses and government.
3. Value Addition
Manufacturing transforms raw materials into products of greater value.
4. Diversification of the Economy
It reduces excessive dependence on primary commodities such as crude oil.
5. Promotion of Industrialization
Manufacturing encourages the establishment and expansion of industries
F. Roles of Construction in Economic Development
The construction sector contributes to economic development through:
1. Provision of Infrastructure
It provides roads, bridges, schools, hospitals, housing, factories and other infrastructure.
2. Employment Generation
It creates employment for engineers, architects, builders, artisans, drivers and other workers.
3. Support for Industrialization
Construction provides factories, warehouses and other facilities required by industries.
4. Promotion of Economic Activities
Good roads, bridges and other infrastructure make the movement of people and goods easier.
5. Housing Development
The sector contributes to the provision of residential and commercial buildings
Evaluation
OBJECTIVE QUESTIONS
1. Manufacturing is the process of converting raw materials into ______.
A. population
B. finished or semi-finished goods
C. money
D. services only
2. Which of the following is an example of manufacturing?
A. Building a bridge
B. Constructing a road
C. Producing cement
D. Digging a drainage
3. Construction refers mainly to the building and maintenance of ______.
A. physical structures and infrastructure
B. agricultural crops
C. financial institutions
D. consumer preferences
4. Which of the following is an agro-based manufacturing activity?
A. Cement production
B. Processing cassava into garri
C. Building a hospital
D. Road construction
5. Manufacturing contributes to Nigeria's GDP mainly by ______.
A. reducing production
B. adding value to raw materials and producing goods
C. reducing employment
D. discouraging investment
6. One major contribution of the manufacturing sector to economic development is ______.
A. employment generation
B. increased dependence on imports
C. reduction in production
D. destruction of infrastructure
7. Which of the following is an important role of construction in economic development?
A. Provision of infrastructure
B. Reduction of investment
C. Discouragement of industrialization
D. Reduction of employment
8. Manufacturing can help Nigeria diversify its economy by reducing excessive dependence on ______.
A. manufacturing
B. crude oil
C. labour
D. infrastructure
9. The construction of roads and bridges contributes to economic development because it ______.
A. prevents movement of goods
B. facilitates the movement of people and goods
C. reduces economic activities
D. discourages trade
10. Which of the following is NOT a contribution of manufacturing and construction to the Nigerian economy?
A. Employment generation
B. Infrastructure development
C. Promotion of investment
D. Encouragement of unemployment
Theory Questions
1a. What is manufacturing?
1b. List three types of manufacturing companies that you know
2a. What is construction?
2b. List two contributions of the manufacturing sector to Nigerian GDP